This is the newest technology. Although some kidney stones in the ureters can be treated with shock wave lithotripsy, the ureteroscope is a small scope that can be passed up to the stone directly and, using a laser fiber with energy delivery, directly performed on the stone. Years ago, urologists had larger instruments and were unable to access all parts of the urinary tract. Today with flexible fiber optic telescopes, we are able to look in the kidney and ureter with good resolution and ability to treat almost all stones. In general, ureteroscopy is quite safe but has some complications, including perforation of the ureter or stricture, especially if the stone has been impacted or embedded within the wall of the ureter for longer than 1-2 months. The majority of ureteroscopic procedures can be performed as outpatient surgery and most individuals can return to work within 1-2 days following the procedure.