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Methotrexate is a prescription medication classified as an antimetabolite and immunosuppressant. It is used to treat various forms of cancer, including leukemia, lymphoma, and breast cancer, by interfering with the growth of rapidly dividing cells. Methotrexate is also used in lower doses to manage autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and severe psoriasis by suppressing immune system activity. It helps reduce inflammation, slow joint damage, and control excessive skin cell production in psoriasis. Methotrexate may be administered orally, via injection, or intravenously, depending on the condition being treated.
The dosage of Methotrexate depends on the medical condition, severity, and patient response. For autoimmune diseases, it is commonly taken once weekly, not daily, to reduce the risk of serious side effects. For cancer, it may be given more frequently under medical supervision. Always follow your doctor’s exact instructions. Take Methotrexate on the same day each week for arthritis or psoriasis, and never exceed the prescribed dose. Folic acid is often recommended alongside Methotrexate to help reduce side effects. Do not self-adjust the dose, and attend all scheduled follow-ups and blood tests.
Methotrexate can suppress bone marrow function, harm the liver and kidneys, and weaken the immune system. Before using this drug, inform your doctor if you have liver disease, kidney problems, blood disorders, or a history of alcohol use. Avoid alcohol and live vaccines while on Methotrexate. Women should not become pregnant while using this drug and must use effective contraception; the same applies to male partners. Methotrexate can cause fetal harm and is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Routine lab testing is essential to monitor organ function and blood counts throughout treatment.
Methotrexate is contraindicated in individuals with severe liver or kidney disease, bone marrow suppression, alcohol dependence, or active infections. It should not be used by pregnant women or those planning to conceive. Patients with known hypersensitivity to Methotrexate or its ingredients should avoid its use. Always inform your healthcare provider of your complete medical history before beginning treatment with Methotrexate.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, dizziness, mouth sores, and sensitivity to sunlight. Serious side effects may include liver damage, lung inflammation, low white blood cell count, infections, kidney problems, and severe skin reactions. Signs of liver issues include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, and upper abdominal pain. Seek immediate medical attention if you notice chest pain, cough, difficulty breathing, unusual bruising or bleeding, or signs of infection. Routine blood work is necessary to detect adverse effects early.
Methotrexate may interact with NSAIDs (like ibuprofen), sulfa drugs, certain antibiotics, diuretics, and medications that affect the liver or kidneys. These interactions can raise Methotrexate levels in the blood, increasing toxicity risks. Avoid taking other immunosuppressants unless instructed by your doctor. Let your healthcare provider know about all prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal products you are using to minimize the risk of dangerous interactions.
If you miss a dose of Methotrexate, contact your doctor immediately for instructions. Do not take the medication unless advised, especially if it is close to your next scheduled dose. Taking extra Methotrexate by mistake can be dangerous and increase the risk of serious side effects. Setting reminders may help avoid missed doses, especially for weekly regimens.
Overdose symptoms include mouth sores, vomiting, black or bloody stools, coughing up blood, severe fatigue, and difficulty breathing. Methotrexate overdose is a medical emergency. Seek immediate medical attention or contact poison control. Treatment may include the administration of leucovorin (folinic acid) and supportive care to manage toxicity and protect organs.
Store Methotrexate at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F), away from heat, light, and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep the medication tightly closed in its original container and out of reach of children and pets. Properly dispose of unused or expired medication following local waste disposal regulations or return it to a pharmacy collection point.
Methotrexate is legally available through The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, a certified and licensed online pharmacy offering safe, secure access to anticancer and immunosuppressive treatment options for patients across the United States.