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Allopurinol is a medication used to reduce high levels of uric acid in the blood, which can cause gout or kidney stones. It is also prescribed to prevent uric acid buildup during cancer treatment. Allopurinol works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the production of uric acid. Lowering uric acid levels helps prevent joint pain, inflammation, and kidney damage. It is not used to treat acute gout attacks but is effective in long-term prevention of flare-ups and uric acid complications.
Allopurinol is taken orally once daily, with or after meals to reduce stomach upset. The starting dose is usually 100 mg per day and may be increased gradually based on uric acid levels and patient response. Maintenance doses typically range from 200 mg to 600 mg per day, and in severe cases, up to 800 mg. Take it at the same time daily and drink plenty of fluids to help flush out uric acid. Never change your dose without your doctor’s approval, and do not stop taking it even if you feel well, as the medication is used for long-term prevention.
Before using Allopurinol, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, or a history of allergies. The drug may cause a rare but serious skin reaction known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, especially in certain ethnic groups. Your doctor may recommend genetic testing if you are of Asian descent. Avoid alcohol, which can raise uric acid levels and trigger gout. Blood tests may be required during treatment to monitor kidney function and uric acid levels. Do not take Allopurinol during a gout attack unless instructed by your physician.
Allopurinol is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its ingredients. It should not be used during an acute gout attack. Use with caution in individuals with chronic liver or kidney impairment. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should only use Allopurinol if clearly advised by a healthcare provider. Always share your complete medical history and medication list before beginning treatment.
Common side effects of Allopurinol include rash, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, and changes in taste. These symptoms are generally mild and temporary. Serious side effects may involve skin reactions, liver dysfunction, numbness, or blood disorders. Seek medical help if you experience fever, sore throat, yellowing of the eyes or skin, or signs of allergic reactions like swelling and difficulty breathing. Any sudden or severe symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider immediately.
Allopurinol may interact with other medications such as azathioprine, mercaptopurine, warfarin, and certain antibiotics like ampicillin. These combinations can increase the risk of toxicity or reduce the effectiveness of treatment. Tell your doctor about all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are using. Dose adjustments or close monitoring may be required when using Allopurinol with other drugs that affect liver enzymes or the immune system.
If you miss a dose of Allopurinol, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed one and return to your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Missing doses may reduce the effectiveness of long-term gout prevention. If you have trouble remembering to take your medication, consult your doctor about setting reminders or alternative dosing options.
Overdose symptoms may include nausea, dizziness, vomiting, or severe drowsiness. In large quantities, Allopurinol may affect kidney or liver function. If an overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical help immediately. Treatment may involve supportive care, fluid replacement, and monitoring of vital organ functions. Do not exceed your prescribed dose even if you miss a previous one.
Store Allopurinol at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F), away from light, moisture, and heat. Keep the container tightly closed and out of reach of children and pets. Do not store in the bathroom. Dispose of expired or unused medication according to local guidelines or ask your pharmacist for proper disposal methods.
Allopurinol is legally available through The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, a certified and licensed online pharmacy offering safe and regulated access to gout and uric acid management therapy for patients across the United States.