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Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic (water pill) used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and fluid retention (edema) caused by conditions such as heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disorders. It works by helping your kidneys remove excess salt and water from the body, which reduces blood volume and decreases pressure in the blood vessels. Lowering blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks, and kidney problems. This medication is often part of a combination therapy plan and is highly trusted in both clinical and home care settings.
Hydrochlorothiazide is typically taken once daily by mouth, with or without food. Dosages usually range from 12.5 mg to 50 mg per day, depending on the patient’s medical condition and response to treatment. Always take this medication exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Try to take it at the same time each day, preferably in the morning to avoid nighttime urination. Do not skip doses or stop taking the drug without medical guidance, as this may lead to uncontrolled blood pressure or worsening edema.
Before using Hydrochlorothiazide, inform your doctor if you have a history of kidney disease, liver disease, gout, diabetes, or lupus. This medication may lower potassium and sodium levels in the blood, so regular blood tests may be required. Use caution when standing up quickly, as dizziness or fainting may occur due to lowered blood pressure. Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight or tanning beds, as Hydrochlorothiazide can increase your sensitivity to UV rays. Drink enough fluids unless advised otherwise by your healthcare provider.
Hydrochlorothiazide is not recommended for patients who are allergic to thiazide diuretics or sulfa drugs. It should not be used by individuals with anuria (inability to urinate) or severe kidney dysfunction. Caution is also advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding. People with known electrolyte imbalances, especially low potassium or sodium, should be monitored closely while taking this medication. Always discuss your full medical history with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Common side effects may include dizziness, headache, increased urination, muscle cramps, or weakness. These symptoms are usually mild and improve as your body adjusts to the medication. Serious but rare side effects include signs of electrolyte imbalance (such as irregular heartbeat, severe muscle weakness), kidney dysfunction, vision changes, or severe allergic reactions like rash, itching, swelling, and trouble breathing. If any severe side effects occur, seek medical attention promptly.
Hydrochlorothiazide may interact with other medications, including lithium, diabetes drugs, other blood pressure medicines, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs. These interactions can affect how the drug works or increase side effect risks. Combining this drug with alcohol or sedatives can enhance dizziness. Make sure to inform your healthcare provider of all the medications and supplements you are currently using to prevent potential interactions and complications.
If you miss a dose of Hydrochlorothiazide, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of your next dose, skip the missed one and return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up. Keeping a consistent routine helps maintain proper blood pressure control. If missed doses become frequent, consult your healthcare provider for solutions or alternative treatments.
Overdosing on Hydrochlorothiazide may cause symptoms like severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, weakness, confusion, fainting, or very low blood pressure. If overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical care right away. Treatment will typically involve fluid and electrolyte replacement and monitoring of vital signs. Never exceed your prescribed dose, even if you miss previous doses.
Store Hydrochlorothiazide tablets at room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F and 86°F). Keep the medication in a tightly closed container, away from light, moisture, and heat. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Do not use expired medicine and dispose of it according to your local pharmacy’s instructions or waste regulations.
Hydrochlorothiazide is legally available through The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, a certified and licensed online pharmacy that guarantees safe and regulated access to effective diuretic treatment for patients across the United States.