This is used frequently for eliminating stones. It works by directing ultrasonic or shock waves created outside your body through the skin and tissue, and focusing them on the stones. The stones break down into sand-like particles and are usually passed through the urinary tract. This method does not damage surrounding tissues, but only breaks the stone. The technology is only effective if the kidney is functioning well and there is no blockage to the passage of stone fragments. The newer devices today are efficient and able to be accomplished on an outpatient basis with limited anesthesia or sedation. The recovery time is short and most people can resume a normal activity level within a few days. If the stone is about one inch in size, more than one shockwave lithotripsy procedure may be required.
While ESWL is considered safe and effective, it can still cause complications. Most patients have blood in their urine for a few days after treatment. Bruising and minor discomfort in the back or abdomen from the shockwaves are also common. To reduce the risk of complications, the urologist usually would like the patient to avoid aspirin or other drugs that may affect blood clotting for several weeks before treatment. Another complication may occur if the shattered stone particles cause discomfort as they pass through the urinary tract. In some cases, the urologist will need to pass a small tube called a stent through the bladder and into the ureter to help the fragments pass.